Let’s recall the beT-e beT-o idea:
to him = us ko
to the son = beT-e ko (not bet-a ko)
to the sons = beT-o ko
We’ll extend this idea to Past Tense and Possessives now…
to the dog =
We oblique the nouns in front of the ne
us ne dekh-a = He saw
bet-e ne dekh-a = The son saw
laDk-e ne pooch-a = The boy asked
The dog heard =
We oblique the nouns in front of the ki, ka, ke
us ki maa = his mother
beT-e ki maa = The boy’s mother
ladk-e ki maa sach bol-ti hai = The boy’s mother speaks the truth
The boy’s brother =
The dog’s food =